The Science Behind Rainbows

A rainbow is not just a pretty sight; it’s a fascinating science lesson. It forms when sunlight passes through water droplets in the air, like after rain or near a waterfall. Sunlight is white, but it’s actually a mix of all colors. When it hits a water droplet, it bends (refracts), reflects off the inside of the droplet, and bends again when it exits. This process splits the white light into its separate colors, creating the rainbow’s arc. You can only see a rainbow if you stand between the sun and the water droplets—with the sun at your back. Sometimes, you might see a double rainbow: the second one is fainter, with colors reversed. Learning how rainbows form makes me appreciate them even more—they’re nature’s perfect mix of beauty and science.​

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